淤泥质、粉沙质及沙质海岸航道回淤统一计算方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘家驹 《海洋工程》2012,30(1):1-7

根据20世纪80年代初提出的淤泥质海岸航道回淤计算方法的基础上,开展了拓展研究,使之统一适用于淤泥质海岸、粉沙质海岸及沙质海岸。主要研究内容有,在波浪和潮流综合作用下挟沙力含沙量研究中引入了特定的泥沙因子F1/F,从而挟沙力含沙量公式不仅适用于淤泥质泥沙,也适用于非淤泥质泥沙;在动力因素方面,除了一般寻常潮和波浪动力外,进一步考虑了风暴潮和破波的巨大掀沙能力造成航道骤淤的可能性。并结合连云港30万吨级主航道扩建及徐圩港区10万吨级航道的回淤问题(包括骤淤可能性问题),京唐港外航道和黄骅港外航道的骤淤问题,进行预测计算及校验计算,结果都是良好的。此外,对杭州湾强潮和涌潮情况下的挟沙力含沙量也进行了校验计算,结果也非常满意。  相似文献   

滩涂围垦对东台海岸带景观格局影响研究     

杨晓玲  沈永明 《海洋科学》2012,36(1):94-99

借助遥感和GIS技术,通过景观格局指数的计算,来分析围垦对东台海岸带景观格局的影响。研究发现,1995-2006年间,围垦区海岸带景观破碎化程度减弱,斑块形状的多样性和复杂性程度降低,景观格局态势朝单一化方向发展,景观异质性在整体上有减弱的趋势。然而,在空间上景观格局的变化又有异于整体。主要表现为:农业区破碎化程度减弱,斑块形状简单化,景观格局朝均衡化分布;笆斗区破碎化程度加剧,斑块形状复杂化,优势斑块碱篷被耕地替代;三仓区破碎化程度加剧,斑块形状趋于复杂,由滩地、碱篷为主的景观格局演变成滩地、耕地、碱篷比重势均的格局。总之,围垦区内自然景观的破碎度增强,各斑块类型的形状日渐复杂,景观空间结构趋于复杂化。  相似文献   

国内外海滩质量评价体系研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

孙静  王永红 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2012,(2):153-159

海滩作为宝贵的旅游资源越来越受到关注,国外学者在海滩质量评价方面的研究工作起步较早,多个国家都已经建立了不同的海滩评价体系。其中"蓝旗"评价标准在世界范围内得到了广泛的应用。我国海滩资源较为丰富,但是质量评价体系仍处于起步阶段,尚没有形成完善的体系,仅有少部分海滩进行了质量评价,使用的标准也不统一,多由评价者自己建立标准进行评价。总结了欧洲、北美洲、大洋洲使用的主要海滩评价标准,将国外各海滩质量评价体系的启示和国内海滩质量评价的特点相结合,探讨我国海滩质量评价应选用的评价因子。认为目前建立适应我国国情、充分考虑海滩用途及沉积特征、区分旅游地和乡村的海滩质量评价体系进行海滩评价较为适宜。根据已有研究和实地考察情况,分别对旅游地和乡村海滩从自然因素、环境因素、其他因素3个方面选取了20个、15个评价因子。  相似文献   

Cobble cam: grain‐size measurements of sand to boulder from digital photographs and autocorrelation analyses     

Jonathan A. Warrick  David M. Rubin  Peter Ruggiero  Jodi N. Harney  Amy E. Draut  Daniel Buscombe 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(13):1811-1821

A new application of the autocorrelation grain size analysis technique for mixed to coarse sediment settings has been investigated. Photographs of sand‐ to boulder‐sized sediment along the Elwha River delta beach were taken from approximately 1·2 m above the ground surface, and detailed grain size measurements were made from 32 of these sites for calibration and validation. Digital photographs were found to provide accurate estimates of the long and intermediate axes of the surface sediment (r² > 0·98), but poor estimates of the short axes (r² = 0·68), suggesting that these short axes were naturally oriented in the vertical dimension. The autocorrelation method was successfully applied resulting in total irreducible error of 14% over a range of mean grain sizes of 1 to 200 mm. Compared with reported edge and object‐detection results, it is noted that the autocorrelation method presented here has lower error and can be applied to a much broader range of mean grain sizes without altering the physical set‐up of the camera (～200‐fold versus ～6‐fold). The approach is considerably less sensitive to lighting conditions than object‐detection methods, although autocorrelation estimates do improve when measures are taken to shade sediments from direct sunlight. The effects of wet and dry conditions are also evaluated and discussed. The technique provides an estimate of grain size sorting from the easily calculated autocorrelation standard error, which is correlated with the graphical standard deviation at an r² of 0·69. The technique is transferable to other sites when calibrated with linear corrections based on photo‐based measurements, as shown by excellent grain‐size analysis results (r² = 0·97, irreducible error = 16%) from samples from the mixed grain size beaches of Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Thus, a method has been developed to measure mean grain size and sorting properties of coarse sediments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Berm formation and dynamics on a gently sloping beach; the effect of water level and swash overtopping     

Stine G. Jensen  Troels Aagaard  Tom E. Baldock  Aart Kroon  Michael Hughes 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(11):1533-1546

Berm formation and morphological development of the beach face have been observed during a neap–neap tidal cycle on the gently sloping and accreting beach at Vejers, Denmark. During the field campaign, an intertidal bar migrated onshore and stabilized as a berm on the foreshore. A new intertidal bar occurred on the lower beach face, migrated onshore on the rising tide and finally merged with the pre‐existing berm. As the tide continued to rise, the new berm translated further onshore as an intertidal bar to the uppermost part of the foreshore. The sediment transport during the berm transition was onshore directed in the upper swash and offshore directed in the lower swash. This berm development can be described through both the neap‐berm, ridge‐and‐runnel and berm‐ridge development concepts proposed by Hine (Sedimentology 1979; 26: 333–351), and all three stages were observed during only three tidal cycles. The main factors controlling this fast transformation were the gentle slope of the cross‐shore profile, rapid water level translation rates, substantial swash overtopping of the berm, and low infiltration rates. Despite the onshore migration of intertidal bars and berm formation, no net foreshore accretion took place during the field campaign. This was largely due to the formation of rip channels with strong rip currents cutting through the intertidal bars and the berm, which acted as a sediment drain in the profile. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于无人机航空摄影技术的厦门滩涂养殖调查     

王镇 《福建地理》2012,(3):38-43

近年来随着实时化测绘的需求增加,无人机航空摄影发展迅速.无人机航摄具有运行成本低、执行任务灵活性高等优点,是遥感数据获取的重要手段.本研究论述了利用无人机对厦门市翔安区滩涂进行航空摄影制作1∶2 000正射影像的方法,其成果用于滩涂养殖信息调查.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地车排子地区下白垩统沉积体系分布及油气成藏模式     

董艳蕾  朱筱敏  赵东娜 《现代地质》2015,29(1):71-79

准噶尔盆地车排子地区自排2井区发现春光油田后,未能取得更大的勘探突破,该区存在斜坡带薄层砂体识别困难以及油气成藏主控因素及成藏模式不清等问题。通过高精度层序地层学、地震沉积学和石油地质的综合研究,明确了研究区白垩系的沉积相类型,包括扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道和水下分流河道间微相以及滨浅湖坝砂、滩砂和湖泥微相。有利的储集砂体、阶梯式输导体系和保存封堵条件是车排子地区下白垩统油气藏的主控因素。由于保存条件的不同,工区不同层位、不同位置发育的油气藏,其油品具有显著的差异。进而建立了斜坡带下部、中部和上部3种不同的成藏模式,最终指出斜坡带下部的SQq _1-SQq_2是油气勘探的有利区带和有利层位。研究结果为下一步勘探指明了方向。  相似文献   

开敞式滩海油田保滩促淤工程研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

蒲高军  张日向  廖绍华 《海岸工程》2005,24(2):20-29

分析了飞雁滩油田海区的海洋环境条件,试验研究了不同结构型式潜堤的稳定性和保滩促淤效果,对潜堤的保滩促淤效果和淤积速率进行了预测,对工程布置、潜堤结构方案、基础冲刷防护措施和潜堤顶高程提出了建议．  相似文献   

Short-Term Morphological and Shoreline Changes at Trinkat Island,Andaman and Nicobar,India, After the 2004 Tsunami     

P. Yunus Ali 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):26-39

The tsunami waves generated during the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 devastated the coastal area along Trinkat Island, causing sudden changes to the morphology of the landforms. This study uses a series of satellite images to record the short-term morphological response and shoreline changes as well as the recovery of coastal land after its destruction. Results indicate that the island experienced substantial erosion and a significant reduction in land area. Shoreline erosion is more prevalent than accretion at an average linear regression rate of ～?9 m per year between 2004 and 2013. The major morphological changes at Trinkat Island were observed in coastal inlets, beaches, and bay head-lands. Straight beaches had almost recovered eight years after the tsunami; however, erosion is continually observed in other areas. Our study will help understanding the response and recovery of shorelines in Indian Ocean regions after the 2004 tsunami.  相似文献   

辽河盆地西部凹陷古近系沙四上亚段沉积相及演化     

王夏斌  姜在兴  胡光义  范廷恩  王俊辉  卢欢 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(5):1222-1234

薄互层砂体研究是湖盆沉积学的研究难点。本文针对辽河西部凹陷沙四上亚段（Es^4上）薄互层砂体,以层序地层学、沉积学、测井地质学等理论为指导,综合岩心、测录井和地震等多种资料,对西部凹陷的薄互层砂体进行精细描述和深入剖析。结果表明,研究区主要发育辫状河三角洲和湖泊沉积相,其中,滩坝砂体是湖泊相的主力砂体。通过考虑不同沉积背景下滩坝在岩相组合、发育位置和成因机理的差异性,将滩坝划分成侧缘改造型滩坝、前缘改造型滩坝、基岩改造型滩坝、淹没改造型滩坝和风暴改造型滩坝5种沉积模式;对薄层滩坝砂体的控制因素进行分析,认为其受到"风场-物源-盆地"三端元的控制。  相似文献